Dragon fruit, also commonly known as pitaya, is a type of tropical fruit that is bound to stop you in your tracks with its vivid colors and unique features. More than its beautiful appearance, many dragon fruit varieties comes with their own distinct characteristics.
Here we explore the three most common varieties cultivated commercially: white, pink/red and yellow.
Where is Dragon Fruit Grown?
Dragon fruit, or pitaya, is a tropical fruit that has been cultivated for centuries in warm and lush tropical climates, including its native Central and South America, Southeast Asia and even in the U.S. states of Florida and California.
Is Dragon Fruit Healthy?
Yes! With its bright, colorful skin and speckled flesh, dragon fruit is not only a beauty but also a nutritional powerhouse. Dragon fruit varieties are rich in essential nutrients that include:
- B Vitamins—B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin) and B3 (Niacin) are present in dragon fruit varieties, offering major health benefits that include support for cell and nerve function, digestive support and energy production.
- Vitamin C—Amazingly, a single serving of dragon fruit contains up to 50% of the daily recommended intake of Vitamin C, which promotes immune function, healthy skin and acts as an antioxidant.
- Fiber—Dragon fruit, or pitaya, aids in digestion and helps regulate blood sugar levels thanks to dietary fiber, which also supports heart health.
- Magnesium—While its magnesium content is lower than some of its other nutrients, pitaya does contain beneficial magnesium which can contribute to bone health, among others.
Dragon fruit contains small amounts of nutrients like iron and calcium, and is also rich in antioxidants like flavonoids and anthocyanins. These antioxidants help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals and contribute to anti-inflammatory and disease-fighting properties.
Learn more about the power of antioxidants and anthocyanins here: What You Should Know About Anthocyanins.
Dragon Fruit Varieties
Let’s dive into the three primary types of pitaya, or dragon fruit, and explore the unique characteristics that set each variety apart from the others.
White Pitaya
Does the fruit pictured above look familiar? This is white dragon fruit, and it’s the most common and widely available dragon fruit variety.
- Scientific name: Hylocereus undatus
- Appearance: White pitaya has a vibrant pink skin with green scales that look spiky but are as harmless as they are interesting. Inside, you’ll find a white flesh speckled with small black seeds.
- Flavor: Subtly sweet is the best way to describe white pitaya. If you enjoy sweet fruit, this is not the one for you. It’s mild flavor makes it versatile in many types of recipes.
- Texture: Semi-soft with a bit of crunch due to the small black seeds (which are edible, by the way!).
- How to eat it: White dragon fruit is a great addition to fruit salads, smoothies, mocktails and desserts.
Pink Pitaya
Pink dragon fruit, or pink pitaya, is a vibrant and gorgeous tropical fruit that can be more of a challenge to find in grocery stores here in the U.S., depending on where you live. During recent visits to California, pink pitaya was easy to find at a local farmers market and was absolutely delicious.
- Scientific name: Hylocereus polyrhizus
- Appearance: Strikingly similar to the white pitaya, pink pitaya has a vibrant pink skin. Cut it open, and a beautiful pink, sometimes fuchsia or magenta, flesh is revealed.
- Flavor: Similarly to the white dragon fruit, pink dragon fruit is only mildly sweet.
- Texture: The texture is similar to that of the white variety, with a slightly firmer bite.
- How to eat it: Pink dragon fruit is often used in smoothies, mocktails, and desserts, where its striking color adds a beautiful visual element to any dish.
It’s important to note that pink dragon fruit stains! Be aware of this when handling and preparing the pitaya.
Yellow Pitaya
Yellow dragon fruit is among the more rare types of dragon fruit, though it is growing in popularity as more farmers have begun cultivating this vibrant variety.
- Scientific name: Selenicereus megalanthus
- Appearance: Yellow pitaya has bright yellow, slightly spiny skin that contrasts beautifully with its white flesh. The seeds in yellow dragon fruit are slightly larger than those in the other dragon fruit varieties.
- Flavor: Exceptionally sweet flavor, often described as a mix of honey and tropical fruits. Yellow dragon fruit is also highly aromatic.
- Texture: Has more of a crunch than pink and white dragon fruit varieties.
- How to eat it: Yellow dragon fruit is often enjoyed on its own as a sweet treat. Despite its sweetness, it is still low in calories and rich in fiber, making it a healthy indulgence.
Dragon Fruit Varieties: Frequently Asked Questions
How do I know when a dragon fruit is ripe?
A ripe dragon fruit will give slightly when pressed gently. The skin should be bright and evenly colored. If the fruit is too soft and the color is dull, it may be overripe.
How should I store dragon fruit?
Dragon fruit can be stored at room temperature for a few days. Once cut, it should be refrigerated and consumed within a day or two to maintain freshness.
Can I eat the seeds of a dragon fruit?
Yes, the seeds are edible and add a pleasant crunch to the fruit. They are also a good source of healthy fats.
Is dragon fruit skin edible?
The skin of dragon fruit is not typically eaten due to its tough and leathery texture. However, it can be used in some cultures for making infusions or as a natural food dye. Always wash the skin thoroughly if you plan to use it in any form.
Does dragon fruit juice stain?
Yes, the vibrant flesh of red and pink dragon fruits can stain clothing and surfaces, so it’s best to handle them with care. If you do get a stain, treat it promptly with cold water and a stain remover. You may also consider wearing gloves, as your hands and fingernails can also be impacted.
*Medical Disclaimer: All content and information on this website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a medical professional or healthcare provider if you are seeking medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Sweet New Roots, LLC is not liable for risks or issues associated with using or acting upon the information on this website.
